How to Prevent Tooth Decay in Children

Tooth decay is one of the most common health problems, even in countries where water is fluorinated and good oral hygiene practises are carried out.  It is particularly common in children and young adults as they are less likely to follow a regular oral health routine and more likely to eat a high sugar diet which can increase the risks of dental decay.

Causes of Dental Decay

The main cause of dental decay is plaque.  Bacteria live naturally in the mouth but certain types can colonise along the gum line and the grooved surfaces of the tooth.  They can combine with food debris and saliva to form a sticky layer known as plaque which is difficult to remove.  These bacteria then give off toxic by-products that can irate the gums and erode the enamel on teeth causing cavities.   Children are particularly vulnerable to plaque as they typically eat high sugar diets in which bacteria thrive.  They can also be less dedicated about cleaning their teeth regularly and thoroughly.

Once cavities have formed the bacteria can penetrate to the more sensitive dentine layer and into the root of the tooth which contains the nerves and blood vessel.  This can cause an infection which left untreated can severely damage the tooth and even cause the root to die.  If your child complains about tooth pain make an appointment at the dentist immediately for treatment.

Prevent Dental Decay

It is important that children see a dentist every 6 months for a check up.  The dentists will be able to clean plaque off and help to prevent it from attacking teeth and gums.  You should also make sure your child cleans and flosses their teeth twice a day.  You could also use a special child friendly dental mouthwash as well to help discourage plaque from forming.

Treatment of Dental Decay

If children have dental decay then a dentist will be able to provide treatment.  If cavities have formed then they will need to be filled to prevent bacteria from infecting the inner tooth.  If infection has already occurred then the child may need to take a course of antibiotics before the tooth is filled.  In some cases of severe infection the root may have already died before you can take your child to see a dentist.  If this has occurred in milk teeth then your dentist may simply remove the tooth.  If this has occurred in a permanent adult tooth then further treatment would be needed such as root canal.  This is where the tooth root is drained and replaced with a synthetic filling to prevent further infection.  This can be a painful and uncomfortable procedure for children so it is best to make sure it is avoided at all costs with a good dental hygiene routine.